Firms should seek to “get their own house in order” before seeking to manage suppliers Essay

Task Title: Firms should look to â€Å"get their own home in order† before trying to oversee providers Purchasing is an imperative procedure of the organization, 100% effectiveness is required consistently. There must be appropriate association and adaptability in this division. Individuals working in this division ought to continually assess the present buying plan of the organization and adjust to changes consistently. Buying office or group of an organization essentially look to respond to these two inquiries: what we purchase and how we purchase. The responses to these two inquiries can change depending to organizations size and part. In fact, by responding to these two inquiries is the fundamental objective of obtainment group or division is to make best an incentive for cash and to amplify it. It is conceivable to boost best an incentive for cash by getting surplus worth. Surplus worth is unique in relation to the worth. Surplus worth situates between cost of creation for provider and estimation of the item to the purchaser. This is known as the region zone of understanding. The excess worth which is held by provider is called maker overflow and the worth which is held by purchaser is called shopper overflow, the obtainment group/office expect to boost customer excess. Buying process implies that request the executives. There are two different ways to settle on buy choice make-purchase or re-appropriating. Make-purchase is required inside administration it is identified with the authoritative purchasing conduct. Re-appropriating is required outer administration comprise of provider the board. The major issue in buying process is to give effectiveness sought after administration. Effectiveness of buying process is connected for example a decrease in the quantity of providers utilized a computerization of the buying procedure, the utilization of structure understandings, and the advancement of confiding in relationship with providers. Giving productivity add to get power. Business life implies power games. The market is unforgiving for shortcoming so from the start hand, while the firm looks to build up its own home all together before trying to deal with the providers. It will give effectiveness. So as to get effective buying process, firm ought to deal with its interest productively and right off the bat firm ought to make certain to give this proficiency by building up â€Å"in its own home in order† for this situation firm could get power over its providers. Request the executives issues in an association could show up in various manners (Londsdale, SP&SM, Lecturer notes, Week 3) Maverick purchasing, discontinuity of spend, early particular, over-determination, superfluous change to details, poor interest data, absence of lucidity, antagonistic choice, unseemly contracting, poor checking prompting moral risk, pointless buy. These issues happen alone or together. Authoritative purchasing conduct includes a multi-individual movement and it is valid for 90% of hierarchical purchasing. This incorporates a careful procedure which can even take over a year to choose and close. Today’s associations know about the costs engaged with making opportune, exact and effective choices; make more an incentive for cash. In the event that organizations are to prevail in one feature of its worldwide objective to be known in the market, a solid administration ought to be set up; guide and make it move in a synchronized way. The vast majority of whom began little in its own entitlement to have the option to deal with its own kin effectively, productively and a large portion of all, keep away from unaccounted costs. For a firm to deal with its purchasing conduct and make a benchmark, it needs to: perceive an issue, recognize a general need, make or concoct item details, make a proficient and capable provider search, make a purchasing step, select a provider, make a request routine particular and direct a post-buy execution audit. When this procedure is tackled after some time; the subsequent stage to go greater; to grow. (http://www. smartcompany. com. au/showcasing/deals/22378-20111007-promoting procedures authoritative purchaser conduct. html) To additionally detailed: Recognize an issue foresee and plan for buy on a standard premise Acknowledge a general need †broad, target money saving advantage examination Create or think of item particulars †utilizing exact specialized depiction utilizing strategies, for example, esteem investigation Make a proficient and capable purchaser search-broad pursuit that reaches out to the quest for a provider Make a purchasing step †business to business Select a provider made after broad assessment of target data Make a request routine detail routine estimation of re-request focuses just as time and spot of conveyance Conduct a post-buy execution survey †broad correlation made and criticism given, worry with quality administration at source. These components could in any case fall flat with the presence of issues that ought to be perceived and maintained a strategic distance from the start specifically (Londsdale, SP&SM, Lecturer notes, Week 3) dissident purchasing, discontinuity of spend, early particular, over-determination, pointless change to details, poor interest data, absence of clearness, unfriendly choice, wrong contracting, poor checking prompting moral risk, and superfluous buy. At the point when fracture surpasses its nonpartisan level, implies that parts or branches in this circumstance are detached or potentially absent and still expected to think of results equivalent to what the whole framework once did (http://www. ourfurutre. com/real101. htm) the entire is in every case better in nearness as everybody will have a superior comprehension of each capacity. It is likewise acceptable to take note of that when there is a â€Å"whole Picture† idea. There is a superior understanding with regards to the liquid cooperation and reliance of each part coming about to more readily consequence of each job that needs to be done. To adapt to authoritative fracture it’s imperative to comprehend why discontinuity emerge in association what are clashes between branches or parts. Discontinuity emerges in an association on account of a few reasons. In the first place, every division of an association performs various capacities, it follows that these offices have various requirements. For example, designing branch of an organization would utilize diverse PC from the HR office. These two divisions have two unique capacities through the two offices require PCs for effectiveness however both utilize extraordinary applications, highlights and details of PCs to perform well. Inheritance technique is an old framework that organizations keep on rehearsing nowadays. This is the second motivation behind why discontinuity emerges in association. Perhaps the framework works acceptable so association sees no explanation in evolving it. The expense for changing and upgrading framework could be exorbitant both time and cash contrasted with the foreseen considerable advantages of supplanting it to another one. Furthermore, ultimately, challenges in merging endeavors in the association. Human as we may be, we have various sentiments and our perspective is consistently extraordinary to each other. There are authoritative elements that put forth combination attempts troublesome. Clashing inclinations inside association emerge because of constrained levelheadedness. Limited discernment can likewise add to clashing inclinations for chiefs settle on choice with restricted and frequently inconsistent data. Constrained time could and human mind’s restricted ability to assess and process data. Forces is practiced inside associations. Individuals in higher position command over assets, rule-production, data and so forth lower positions expected to go along to show compliance and regard in this manner result to clashes. Also, in conclusion, every offices workers carry on identifying with their insight for instance for fabricate division quality is significant, for buying office cost significant. Every office has objectives and needs to fulfill,these can result to strife too. Clashing inclinations can be take care of through recognizing the issue and manufacture authoritative union to change inside customer. Setting a norm and bring together inclination inside the association would help settle this issue. Building partnerships would request buying chiefs to sift through staff as indicated by their position. This could assist with unraveling clashing references in the association. Moreover, when fracture surpasses its unbiased level, two issues that will essentially happen in a moment. Swelling of exchange costs which an association can face to adapt to pointless providers. Association could lose its influence over its providers and providers will in general order the clients. They will in general work with clients that work intimately with their vital goals or cause a decent extent of their turnover or help to spread their fixed expense yet providers to kill clients who don’t give an alluring record or high volume of business. (Lonsdale and Watson, 2005) In a particular model, Rushmore University Hospital Trust (RUHT) (Lonsdale, SP;SM Lectures, Case Study) RUHT has divided all through its 9 spending communities and each spending place, clinicians could autonomously buy. Fracture happens more often than not; every clinician in each spending place can buy products with similar details however under altogether different terms. For instance, x-beam films price tag could be separated 45% between spending focuses. Absence of coordination and provider advantage cause wastefulness in RUHT. By understanding the qualities of each spending plan center’s acquisition needs, it could succeed union between spending administrations. Another obvious model is Vodafone (Lonsdale, SP;SM Lectures, Case Study). In 2003, Vodafone Global Supply Chain Management Director, Detlef Schultz understood the inner acquisition the board issue. For example, Vodafone has absence of data how it spend and it couldn’t make an interpretation of its worldwide size to th

Sales Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Deals Management - Assignment Example There were likewise reports of exaggerating his exhibition for alloted items. In such manner, as the Sales Director, the accompanying concerns are thus tended to: a. Clarification on How Paul can Create an Ethical Work Climate in his Department Upon survey of the situation, it was clear that the top performing sales rep obviously damages sets of accepted rules by displaying dishonest conduct, for example, utilization of organization assets and time for individual objectives and interests; exaggerating announced individual execution to as far as anyone knows agree to the department’s share, and forcing clients to buy items with sick goal. In this manner, to react to Paul on the approaches to make a moral work atmosphere, the accompanying regions should be suitably tended to: I. Arrangements and rules There is a need to assess the strategies and rules of the association as far as arrangement and away from of approaches on exacting adherence to moral, good and legitimate guidelin es. Moreover, there must be an arrangement of remunerations and disciplines to force sanctions for abusing these guidelines and to give motivations to excellent execution. There ought to likewise be an arrangement of detailing (even through private methods for) noted infringement and fitting council to research the claims. Whenever demonstrated that a representative for sure disregards approaches, sanctions going from censure, notice, suspension without pay, and excusal must be upheld. ii. Trust and duty The association must empower corporate estimations of trust, obligation, polished methodology and social obligation. These qualities must be obviously conveyed to all work force, along with the crucial vision explanation; just as the code of order and moral conduct. Any infringement noted on strategies, rules, and code of order ought to be liable to sanctions, as suggested. iii. Companion conduct It is the duty of partners inside the association, independent of rank or position, to guarantee that moral conduct is showed consistently. Any appearance of unscrupulous conduct in opposition to the qualities demonstrated and infringing upon the arrangements and rules ought to promptly be accounted for to higher experts for legitimate audit, assessment, and burden of assents. iv. Main concern deals accentuation The activities, jobs, duties of salesmen and different individuals from the association ought to be noted as contributory to the expansion in deals and primary concern (net benefit). These money related figures are required all together for the association to continue and bolster proceeded with tasks later on. Not the slightest bit should representative conduct be embodying irreconcilable circumstance by concentrating on close to home increases and the utilization of organization time and assets. v. Book and Hold Recording future deals exchanges in current periods are in opposition to the standards in bookkeeping. Any exchanges made to conform to deals standar d for the present time frame couldn't be dependent upon inversions or discount. In cases that clients discount items bought, any recorded credits to salespersons’ portions would be returned higher than ever (after the arrival) and any prizes or reward rendered would be deducted in current deals execution. b. Depiction of the â€Å"Perceived Seriousness† of the Salesperson’s Behavior The conduct showed and exemplified by the as far as anyone knows top performing salesman is deceptive and obviously abuses approaches, rules, implicit rules and moral behav

Corporate Pride The Monetizing of the Queer Experience COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Corporate Pride The Monetizing of the Queer Experience COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Walking down the streets of SoHo shopping district during the month of June, you’ll see several dozen storefronts plastered in rainbow colors. As part of the LGBTQ community, my immediate reaction is, for lack of a better word, pride. I feel represented, wanted, and supported. As acceptance of queer identities (very) slowly but surely becomes commonplace in the overall American perspective, corporations undoubtedly move with their consumer base toward their political beliefs. This can be a natural phenomena under a capitalist system but upon deeper reflection, it feels exploitative. On the other end of the corporate pride month marketing rainbow is not unequivocal support for queer identities. It is capitalistic exploitation via the monetizing of queer culture and experience. As a policy student and during this Pride month, I want to inform people how corporation’ support for queer identities can be thinly-veiled, and under the veil is corporate profit and greed. First, we must explore what Pride is about. Pride commemorates the Stonewall Riots, a rebellion against police attempting to arrest queer people under the archaic sodomy laws in which men (and women) could be arrested if they did not abide by heterosexual, cisgendered norms. At its core, Pride is not about rainbow colors placed on a sock. Pride is about fighting back against a discriminatory system a system in which corporations have long acted in support that limits queer expression and rights. Pride is also time to reflect and celebrate the accomplishments the queer community has achieved despite a thriving system against us. Pride is about recentering acceptance as core to our community despite all the pain the queer community faces. Pride has never been about profits. Corporations do not contribute to the core of the Pride commemoration when they only paint their storefronts, merchandise, and services in rainbow colors. The limited-time offerings of low-quality rainbow T-shirts at higher prices is not an in-depth reflection on the queer experience. It’s a move to use queer symbols as profit. Furthermore, when corporations gain these profits, they seldom put it back into the community that is likely buying their Pride-centric goods and services. Even the corporations that do such a thing, likely by partnering with nonprofits for their Pride campaigns, seldom donate more than 15% of their profits to their partner. This is why Pride and corporations is a largely parasitic relationship corporations profit off queer culture and its burgeoning mainstream acceptance to then give no true benefit to the queer community. I recognize that some may say this critique is too harsh. I can acknowledge that the awareness of queer identities and acceptance as social progress is something that corporations actively play a role in. This is simply not enough though. Queer acceptance in all spaces should be a basic human right, and praising corporations for providing an open expression of that acceptance one month out of the year is a diluted accomplishment. When it comes to Pride campaigns, corporations can take the extra step to acknowledge queer struggle, pain, and history by donating ALL the profits gained from Pride month campaigns back into the queer community through scholarships, non-profit contributions, leftist political campaign donations, and other avenues of economic, social, and political empowerment for the LGBTQ community. Only then can the negative qualities of capitalism be somewhat mitigated to ultimately not exploit the queer experience for corporate profit. Next time I’m in SoHo, I want to know the places I’m shopping at support my community more than just a rainbow clothing campaign. I want them to support our collective struggle to navigate a heteronormative, homophobic, and transphobic system. I want to know that the money I spend at their stores, on their Pride campaign, is used for my community. If they are going to use queer culture as a design, they must understand queer history and be actively fighting to end the queer struggle.

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 2179 Words

The American coalition- an anti-immigrant group in 1980 had this to say about the drug, â€Å"Marihuana, perhaps now the most insidious of narcotics, is a direct byproduct of unrestricted Mexican immigration.† It is through seclusion, Nixon’s outright war on drugs, and society’s fervent dislike for marijuana user that the subculture grew. It came to a point where one could not discern fact from myth about marijuana in the 60s/70s war on drugs, mainly because no research was allowed. We must ask ourselves, why was this so, why was this one psychedelic drug as Nixon called it â€Å" Public Enemy Number One†. This drug became somewhat of a political tool to twist and turn making sure the general public’s ignorance stayed unabated, during a whole†¦show more content†¦Nixon’s call for â€Å" The war on drugs† may have made him seen caring and wanting the best for his nation, but as a result the drug re-emerged in a political and social stage, thus making marijuana smokers and supporters active participants in the politics surrounding their favourite drug. One would usually find marijuana smokers in the 60s in college, students, musicians/artists, who used it as a way to distinguish themselves and show their free spirit and individuality- they were â€Å"hippies†. However, hippies of the 60s had different reasons for smoking than those who smoked in the 70s . Those that smoked in the 60 were all about unity and peace for al l, experimentation with psychedelic drugs and were mostly calm and non-violent. They weren’t necessarily political but rather wanted to keep politics out of it. These different groups in the 70s were essentially fighting conformity by smoking marijuana and dressing differently from the norm, staging protests against the Vietnam War and preaching peace instead. They were showing they were free to do what they wanted, when they wanted and would not be stopped by any governmental forces. Marijuana has quickly moved from being all about the individual and the spirit too much more; the collective and its rights, peace not war, all this became politicized just at the turn of the new

Rivalry Between Beijing vs. Shanghai

Beijing and Shanghai are arguably China’s two most famous and most important cities. One is the center of government, the other the center of modern commerce. One is steeped in history, the other is a glittering tribute to modernity. You might imagine that the two fit together like yin and yang, complimenting each other, and maybe that’s true... but they also hate each other. Beijing and Shanghai have a fierce rivalry that’s been going on for decades, and it’s fascinating. What Shanghai Thinks of Beijing and Vice Versa In Shanghai, people will tell you Beijing ren (Ã¥Å'â€"ä º ¬Ã¤ º º, â€Å"Beijingers†) are arrogant and uncouth. Although the city is host to more than 20 million people, Shanghai’s denizens will tell you they act like peasants—friendly, perhaps, but blustery and uncultured. Certainly not as refined and fashionable as Shanghaiers! â€Å"They [Beijingers] smell like garlic,† one Shanghai resident told the LA Times in an article on the rivalry. In Beijing, on the other hand, they’ll tell you that Shanghai people only care about money; they’re unfriendly to outsiders and selfish even among themselves. Shanghai men are said to place too much importance on business while being impotent pushovers at home. Shanghai women are supposedly bossy dragon ladies who push their men around whenever they’re not too busy spending their money shopping. â€Å"All they care for is themselves and their money,† a Beijinger told the LA Times. When Did the Rivalry Originate? Although China has dozens of huge cities these days, Beijing and Shanghai have played a major role in China’s culture for centuries. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Shanghai clearly had the upper hand -- it was the center of Chinese fashion, the â€Å"Paris of the East†, and Westerners flocked to the cosmopolitan city. After the revolution in 1949, though, Beijing became the center of China’s political and cultural power, and Shanghai’s influence waned. When China’s economy was opened up following the Cultural Revolution, Shanghai’s influence began to rise again, and the city became the heart of Chinese finance (and fashion). Of course, it’s not all macroeconomics and geopolitics. Although denizens of both cities would like to believe their cities are more influential, there is also a grain of truth to the stereotypes and jokes that get passed around; Shanghai and Beijing do have very different cultures, and the cities look and feel different. The Rivalry Today These days, Beijing and Shanghai are considered mainland China’s two greatest cities, and although the government being located in Beijing means that Beijing will probably have the upper hand for the foreseeable future, but that hasn’t stopped the two from competing. The Beijing Olympics in 2008, followed by Shanghai’s World Expo in 2010, have been a great source of fodder for comparative arguments about the virtues and faults of the two cities, and denizens of both will argue it was their city that put on the better show when they were on the world stage. Of course, the rivalry also plays out in professional sports. In basketball, a match between the Beijing Ducks and the Shanghai Sharks can be counted on to be contentious, and both teams are among the best in the league historically, though it has been more than a decade since the Sharks made an appearance in the finals. In soccer, Beijing Guoan and Shanghai Shenhua duke it out for bragging rights each year (though again, Beijing has had more recent success than Shanghai in the league). It’s unlikely that Beijingers and Shanghaiers will ever see totally eye to eye. It’s worth noting that the Beijing versus Shanghai feud sometimes even extends the ​city’s expatriate communities, so if you’re looking for a Chinese city to live in, choose wisely.

Parents Have the Most Important and Lasting Impact on the Overall Development and Socialization of Their Child Free Essays

â€Å"Parents have the most important and lasting impact on the overall development and socialization of their child. † As children grow up, there are many factors which influence their attitudes and behaviors. It is generally learned first from their parents, then the socialization. We will write a custom essay sample on Parents Have the Most Important and Lasting Impact on the Overall Development and Socialization of Their Child or any similar topic only for you Order Now This statement shows us that correct form different parts, which are sociological theories, the role of parents and parenting styles, care by others and the influence of society. According to two of the sociological theories are functionalism and systems theory. Functionalism attempts to explain how a society is organized to perform its required functions effectively; it focuses on how the structures function within society. Parents have their own responsibility in the families, they add the concept of reproduction to their children, because a population growth can become wealthier; to take care of the children who cannot care for themselves; they are responsibility teaching the socializing to the them; and controlling the behavior of their children. It is very important and having deeply impact on the development of their children. Systems theory is the other sociological theory that attempts to explain how groups of individuals interact as a system, a set of different parts that work together and influence one another in a relatively stable way over time. Parents have different parts of responsibilities for their children before their children grow up. Mothers have to take care of them and teaching the socializing to them. Fathers have to add the concept of reproduction to their children. Over time, children absorb the concept form their parents, so that parents have a large parts of affect for them. A long time ago, human had divided by different small villages. Both of them are independence that has not been influenced by the others. They also are self-sufficiency. Everyone has their own talent, such as hunting, waving, farming and so on. In that time, family had to provide their economic needs, which are foods and clothes, for the younger and older members. Their responsibility is teaching their children the skills, knowledge, values, and attitudes of their society, children who learn these are able to work and relate to others within appropriate adult roles. In industrial revolution was bringing an unprecedented change in the human family system; children and women were particularly in roles. In that time, the economy shifted from self-sufficiency to commerce which is based on factory production in the city or town, and someone work outside the family home to earn a wage to provide for family. Fathers were the money-earners who worked to provide for their wives and children; mothers were nurturers who worked at home and supported financially by their husbands. Nowadays, family build a close relationship, they will give all of the support to the other member. In this century, fathers are still earning money; most of the mothers are working to share the responsibility of their husbands, some of them leave their work and look after their children. They have to instill the different concept about society and reproduction to their future. When children were grown up, they have to take the responsibility that look after their parents; however, parents will concern their children about their work, and help them to solve the problems. In this days and ages, parents are all playing in important roles for their parents. Parenting styles are one of the other important sides in helping parents develop positive impacts on their children. The commonly views of the family have a direct impact on parenting and parent-child relationships. Parents who have a high value of career and work success will focus on a different value on family time and time with their children than the less. Parents who value the goals and needs of individuals over the family will have a difficult time putting their personal needs on hold to care for family members. Parents who are busy fulfilling their individual needs may not take a lot of time to parent in a democratic or nurturing manner. Instead, they may use punishment to get their children to behave themselves. Parents who spend a great deal of time with their children get to know them better and become more sensitive to their needs. Three basic styles of parenting have been considered: authoritative, authoritarian and permissive. There has been a focus on authoritative parenting, which is characterized by warm, support, acceptance and indirect positive control of the children. It is compared to authoritarian parenting, which is distinguished by more parental control and use of punishment, as well as to permissive parenting, which is typified by few rules and by the children controlling the family situations. Children raised by authoritative parents are better adjustment of psychological and have a better self-concept. In contrast, authoritarian parents use more physical punishment, which has been shown to negatively affect the child’s adjustment, especially if it is severe and frequent. Children who experience this type of parenting feel rejected by their parents. They also tend to have more problems with psychological adjustment. Children raised by permissive parents who offer much warmth and encouragement tend to be more irresponsible, impulsive and immature, while children raised by permissive parents who are hostile and rejecting tend to be flighty, anxious, and emotionally impoverished. Hostile parenting practices, such as harsh discipline, unsuppressed anger, and use of negative comments, have been shown to lead to children with low scores in their ability to get along with others. Being raised by a hostile parent has a more negative influence on child’s ability to form positive relationships than any other aspect of a child’s family background. Positive parenting practices result in positive scores in social relationships, helping behavior, and motor and social development. Overall, the style of parenting is one of the most important and lasting impacts on the overall development and socialization of a child. In this day and age, there are a lot parents passed their children by nanny or child care centre, because of their jobs. There are a lot of cases of child abuse, most of it are not abused by their parents, is nanny or the teacher in child care centre. They will punish and corporal punishment them, because they are noisy. I have an experience on it. My friend had abused by her nanny when she was young. When she was 7, her parent is busy on their job, they are working to high value career, and they do not have any time to look after her. So they let the nanny to take care of my friend. The nanny did not look after her nicely, moreover hurt her. The nanny use the hanger to fetch her and punish her, the nanny put all the pressure on her. Did the nanny think that she just a 7 year-old girl, she might change the behavior because of this case. Finally, her parent known this case fired the nanny and compensation claims. However, my friend gets a big turning point on it. She does not trust anyone more and not contact with people. However, society also can impact on the overall development and socialization of the children. There are lots of attractive activities, such as drugs, alcohol, and cigarette and so on, in the society, children will feel curious. Children may be together with the bad guys who with affect their behavior. However, if parents discipline their children in the best ways, children cannot impacted by the other people. Therefore, parents are important and lasting impact on the overall development and socialization of their child. How to cite Parents Have the Most Important and Lasting Impact on the Overall Development and Socialization of Their Child, Papers

The Battle Of The Bulge Was Germanys Last Offensive Attack. It Essays

The Battle of the Bulge was Germany's last offensive attack. It lasted from December 16, 1944 to January 28, 1945. It was the largest battle in World War II to take place on land. It included 600,000 Germans, 500,000 Americans, and 55,000 British. There were 81,000 US casualties, 1400 British casualties, and 100,000 German casualties. The Battle was being planned at a point in time when the Red Russian army was closing in on Germany from the East and the US was destroying German cities with bombs. Hitler's military leaders knew the end was near, but Hitler had one more plan. Hitler wanted to attack the Western front between the Aachan area and the Southern Luxembourg-France boundry. He chose this location because there was little opposition stationed there. Hitler planned on attacking between November 20 and November 30. He was sure that the Allied forces would not have enough time to react to the attack. The plan depended on the German army's speed and accuracy. Since the area was a bunch of woods, that provided the cover for the German army. Hitler was also hoping that the weather would be bad so that American airplanes could not effectively attack. The plan's code name was Wacht am Rhein, meaning Watch On The Rhine. Hitler used this code name in hopes of fooling the US into thinking that the operation was defensive. Later, Hitler changed the code name to Autum Mist. All of the offensive commanders were skeptical about one part of Hitler's plan. Hitler figured that it would be easy to retake Antwerp to their side because Antwerp did not appear to be settled into the Allied side quite yet. The offensive commanders claimed that the German army simply didn't have enough power to do that at the moment. Another plan was submitted to Hitler which recommended simply trying to weaken the Allied forces but Hitler refused to change the plan. The Battle was launched at 5:30 a.m. on December 6, 1944. The Battle went on until January 28. The Battle cost the Germans numerous resources. They had used up most of their air power and men. The Allies had plenty of resources left. Germany's defeat came about a few months later....

A Report Of Bolton Youth Offending Team Social Work Essay Essay Example

A Report Of Bolton Youth Offending Team Social Work Essay Essay Example A Report Of Bolton Youth Offending Team Social Work Essay Essay A Report Of Bolton Youth Offending Team Social Work Essay Essay This is a direction study on how Bolton Youth Offending Team manages alteration and ensures quality young person services within the organisation, the council and the community. Harmonizing to the description provided on its web site, Bolton Youth Offending Team is a authorities administration run by the Bolton Council, and the Management Board of the organisation is drawn from member administrations including Social Services, the Probation Service, Police, Education and Health services. The Bolton Youth Offending Team draws support from an active and effectual voluntary and community sector and provides support, counsel, information and preparation and develops links between voluntary and community organisations and bureaus ( Bolton Youth Offending Team Council web site, 2009 ) . The purposes and aims of the organisation highlighted the fact that Bolton Youth Offending Team believed in greater engagement of community members, particularly parents of immature people and actively supported engagement in community activity and engagement of persons, immature people and communities in procedures that affect our lives. There were nevertheless other aims of the squad and the chief intent of the organisation has been to assist forestall immature people from interrupting the jurisprudence and acquiring into problem with the constabulary and tribunals. The organisation provides support and advice to immature people in detention, in prisons, sentenced by tribunals or victims of offense. Bolton Youth Offending Team is based on the rule that although many immature people are victims or culprits of offense, they should still be provided counsel and support every bit good as advice on how they can be more responsible citizens or how they can avoid similar jobs in the hereafter. When immature people are arrested, the determination devising procedures could impact their lives, it is possible to take positive action even after immature people are arrested and it is of import to value the function of persons involved with Bolton Youth Offending Team. Bolton Youth Offending Team is managed by the Bolton Council and members of the Management Board are from other Council divisions every bit good. Bolton Youth Offending Team emphasizes on equal engagement of all community members and particularly of immature people and their household members and focal points on pulling more and more persons in community development and volunteering. The direction board which comprises of membe rs from member organisations and other Council divisions encourages youth engagement across community degrees. 2.0 Organizational Effectiveness: 2.1 The forces that are determining the work of the administration and its staff Bolton Youth Offending Team and its member organisations from Police, Education etc, usage rules concentrating on authorities policy, professional involvements and community demands to determine the work of the community and its staff. The Bolton Youth Offending Team organizational development squad supports sustainable development of voluntary organisations and community groups as the major focal point of the squad is to develop the groups that work on rules in conformity with Bolton Youth Offending Team. The organisational development squad offers counsel, information, preparation and aid to groups and organisations that could present ends more efficaciously and workers from the squad assist the groups to measure their demands and construct support and develop learning chances. Some of the spouses of the organisation are from other authorities and Council sections such as Social Services, the Probation Service, Police, Education and Health every bit good as bureaus and these organi sations help in supplying the basic direction construction of the organisation ( Bolton Youth Offending Team, 2009 ) . Even the direction system and rules every bit good as the focal point of the organisation are shaped in conformity with the in agreement scheme as there are representatives of these different spouse organisations are involved in determining the basic policies of the organisation that later reflects on other groups. The Bolton Youth Offending Team works closely on Partnerships with bureaus and community groups that bring together public sector bureaus, voluntary and community groups and local concerns and they discuss issues about Bolton ad particularly immature people in Bolton. This is to guarantee enhanced work and partnership among the bureaus and voluntary community groups and local concerns. There are nevertheless other forces that shape any organisation and harmonizing to the rules of direction the five forces of direction include the menace of replacement merchandises and services, the menace of entry of new rivals, the strength of competitory competition, the bargaining power of clients and dickering power of providers ( Porter, 1980 ) . Therefore new rivals, providers, purchasers, new merchandises and competition are basic forces that could impact any sector. However in instance of voluntary sector, the direction rules are based towards cooperation with other new groups or organisation s instead than any signifier of competition. 2.2 Organizational Culture Organizational civilization is the survey of psychological science, attitudes, experiences and moralss or working systems showed or followed by workers within an organisation. The organisational civilization within Bolton Youth Offending Team is characterized by cooperation and coaction as the chief focal point is on offering advice and counsel to immature people and people of related organisations so that ends could be delivered more efficaciously. Workers from the squad could assist measure the demands of the group, particularly those of the immature people and could offer capacity edifice and support and besides develop larning chances for the members or for other community groups and organisations. Bolton Youth Offending Team prepares studies and supervising for immature people involved in offense, young person offense, employment, instruction, direction, commission accomplishments, legal issues, personal development and volunteering ( Bolton Youth Offending Team web site, 2009 ) . Team members besides help with preparation demands analysis, developing chances and other preparation for the organisation. The organisation civilization therefore remains unfastened and supportive with a focal point on leaving cognition. As the organisation draws upon the expertness of board members from several organisations, the organisational civilization is about a corporate attempt to heighten community work and engagement from all positions and Bolton Youth Offending Team provides support and preparation in a comprehensive mode. Organizational civilization could depict a comprehensive scope of services provided by the Bolton Youth Offending Team and the process for supplying these services through teamwork and partnerships with other organisations. Organizational civilization besides directs and provides a method of engagement as the staff and other spouses will hold to promote interaction and advance a civilization of engagement within any organisation. Harmonizing to the rules of direction, organisational civilization should be based on the analysis of the 4Ps of topographic point, merchandise, monetary value, and publicity which signifies where a merchandise or service will be launched, what will be its characteristics, what would be the monetary value that the people will hold to pay to acquire the service or merchandise and how the intelligence of the launch would be propagated through publicity ( Kotler, 2005 ) . This means a proper selling scheme in conformity with the 4Ps will hold to be implemented for any new service or launch of a new unit within the Bolton Youth Offending Team or Bolton council. 2.3 Agreements for staff and beneficiary engagement in the administration. Staff and beneficiary engagement within the Bolton Youth Offending Team occurs through the partnership squad and the squad aims to better the quality and effectivity of voluntary and community groups and their engagement in multi-agency work by doing equal agreements for staff and donees to take part in the execution of all undertakings in a smooth manner. The community groups that work with Bolton Youth Offending Team screen activities of regeneration, community safety, acquisition, policing, instruction and societal attention and partnerships enable groups to stand for positions of members and influence service bringing, determination devising, policy development. The partnerships squad supports and enables multi-agency work relationships to better community work and this has been possible through back uping and propagating webs, forums and promoting voluntary groups to work together ( Mullins, 1999 ) . Representatives are supported as they are provided with new information on new enterprises and working with spouses to set up effectual constructions for community engagement. Smaller groups are besides supported and this includes supplying support to handicapped people and minority cultural communities ( Harris, 1994 ) . Some of the specific activities of the organisation that encourages and promotes beneficiary engagement within any organisation include back uping community and voluntary engagement as in societal attention partnerships ; back uping a web for groups of immature people, back uping minority cultural groups to take part in partnerships ; back uping voluntary community webs, forums and treatments. 2.4 How the administration ensures/promotes anti-oppressive patterns. The Bolton Youth Offending Team promotes diverseness issues and tackles minority jobs by advancing duologue among different groups and particularly supports immature people from different backgrounds. With an extended web with other community organisations, the Bolton Youth Offending Team highlights the importance of understanding young person concerns from all backgrounds and particularly youth engagement among minority groups. There is particular accent to promote equal engagement of all members and the chief aims and ends of Bolton Youth Offending Team are based on counsel irrespective of background supplying chances and counsel to all immature people who may hold got into problem for their offenses. This is stated on their web site as follows: A ; acirc ; ˆ?We back up immature people who are charged by the constabulary and have to look in tribunal We prepare studies for tribunal to help the tribunal to make up ones mind sentences for immature people We work with the tribunals, canvassers and the Crown Prosecutions Service to hold and supply support to immature people granted bond by the tribunals We provide support to immature people who have been remanded by the tribunals We work with and back up immature people who have been sentenced by the tribunals We support immature people who have been sentenced to detention and we support and work with them when they are released from detention A ; acirc ; ˆA? . ( Bolton Youth Offending Team, 2009 ) . This accent suggests that the intent of the organisation has been to promote more engagement among all community members irrespective of their race, ethnicity or faith ( Pollitt, 1993 ) . 3.0: Recommendations for betterments If a recommendation for the betterment of services of the Bolton Youth Offending Team organisation is to be considered, the primary focal point should be managing anti oppressive patterns even more strongly to advance and further societal inclusion and particularly among the immature people of varied cultural backgrounds. The Bolton Youth Offending Team should besides follow a more structured attack to direction of community services and as such should pull its specified five twelvemonth scheme that could assist do young person services even more inclusive and comprehensive. Bolton Youth Offending Team actively supports community engagement of immature people and other members in Bolton community and provides support and preparation for community development and AIDSs in the young person engagement in the community besides developing links between voluntary and community organisations. Most of the voluntary organisations which are non involved in community young person services could besides spread out their scope of preparation and development enterprises with the association of Bolton Youth Offending Team. In footings of direction of the organisation, the organisation has a group of cardinal direction squad that provides practical services and support to voluntary and community groups and some of their services include supplying support, counsel, reding, advice on tribunal affairs, young person offense, offense, anti societal activity, drugs and alcohol addiction imprisonment and mulcts. The squad normally offers aid to voluntary organisations and community groups and includes commissariats of preparation, information Sessionss and counsel for specialist squads and recommendations for development would be to develop more specific schemes that the voluntary community workers could follow. The Bolton Youth Offending Team could advance involvements of the voluntary sector and the community sector and the recommendations could be on doing the services more incorporate and comprehensive. In a recent study on the squad, probation inspectors have found that proper appraisals were non carried out on young person re-offending or ego injury and this has led to new steps being taken by the Council ( Bolton News, 2009 ) . Bolton Council squad which is the parent division of the Bolton Youth Offending Team promotes and supports volunteering activities and offers information and counsel to persons or volunteering organisations so people who want to volunteer and back up organisations affecting voluntaries are supported and provided the right sort of advice and preparation. The Bolton Youth Offending Team could be expanded further and could work with many other local voluntary organisations and all of them could follow a individual direction scheme that would assist the Bolton Youth Offending Team to link different sections and groups as a cohesive force on service for the community. 4.0 Decision Young person and community engagement through the voluntary and authorities organisations, particularly related to offense bar is an of import facet of societal development. The voluntary sector within the UK is particularly strong but young person and community engagement needs to be enhanced through a stronger direction scheme that would do public sector direction easy accessible and applicable in voluntary organisations ( Flynn, 1997 ) . What little public sector organic structures lack at times is a structured scheme for direction and collaborative integrated attempts among many community groups that would be indispensable to the operation of any organisation. Large organisations require many smaller groups that would work as a unit for the same intent and in this instance the intent would be to heighten community work and community youth engagement that could develop how immature people would be more active participants in societal life. The focal point on anti discriminatory po licy is besides of import as is the instance of most voluntary organisations in the UK and anti discriminatory policies that would advance societal inclusion of immature people is among one of the direction ends of all voluntary and authorities supported youth organisations. Sing the diverse scope of population with immature people from assorted cultural backgrounds, it is of import to stress on societal inclusion so that all members of the community could take part every bit in community work and supply their penetrations in societal work.

Writing Young Adult Fiction An Editor’s Guide to Awesome YA

Writing Young Adult Fiction An Editor’s Guide to Awesome YA Writing Young Adult Fiction: An Editor’s Guide to Awesome YA Last updated: 04/12/2018Young Adult is perhaps the largest category of new fiction today. Or, to put it another way, writing young adult fiction seems to be at an all-time high. There’s something about adolescence - coming of age, first loves, first triumphs, loss of innocence - that makes it the perfect backdrop for raw, honest storytelling. No matter how far we get away from them in time, the memories of our teenage years tend to remain fresh.Kate Angelella is an experienced YA editor, formerly of Simon Schuster. She has edited a number of popular series including Nancy Drew and The Hardy Boys. In this post, she shares her top tips for writing Young Adult fiction. 1. Don’t think of YA as ‘adult fiction that’s been dumbed-down’Some of my favorite YA novelists are accidental children’s book authors. YA pioneer Francesca Lia Block - and author/maven of some of the most lyrical prose you’ll find this side of Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez - is a fine example. She did not intend to write her cult classic Weetzie Bat series as children’s books, but Weetzie was destined to be a YA protagonist for the ages, doing and saying things while she came of age that would make Holden Caulfield blush, and the rest of us rejoice.Though your character’s voice should be authentic to her identity and life experience, you never have to (and never should) simplify the language, story, or style choices in your novel in order to talk down to teen readers. YA authors should aspire to write at least as well as they would for adult fiction- and there are innumerable examples of YA fiction that outshine even the prettiest prose adult lit-fic has to offer. #YA Tip 1: Young Adult isn't just dumbed-down mainstream fiction. 2. Make sure your characters are the right ageDisney's adaptation of 'The Princess Diaries'Cabot also employs repetition to communicate her main character, Mia’s voice. Note in the first paragraph how two sentences in a row begin with â€Å"he’s cool if† and the next several sentences begin with â€Å"he’s NOT so cool if.†He’s cool if you’re Lilly Moscovitz.He’s cool if you’re good at Algebra†¦.He’s not so cool if you’re flunking Algebra, like me.He’s not so cool if he makes you stay after school†¦.He’s not so cool if he calls your mother†¦then ASKS HER OUT.And he’s not so cool if he’s sticking his tongue in your mom’s mouth.Almost as though she’s ticking items off a list. Through the repetition, you can feel her attitude. There is some snarkiness and drama present here, but note that it’s not off-putting or snarky to the point of meanness or cr uelty, which would make us dislike her. Mia is pretty justified in feeling what she’s feeling here, and she’s not overly sarcastic. There are a few places where Cabot uses caps lock to get across Mia’s dramatic nature, but she’s not so ridiculous that we’re rolling our eyes.The next example is from the opening of MT Anderson’s Feed.We went to the moon to have fun, but the moon turned out to completely suck.We went on a Friday, because there was shit-all to do at home. It was the beginning of spring break. Everything at home was boring. Link Arwaker was like, â€Å"I’m so null,† and Marty was like, â€Å"I’m null too, unit,† but I mean we were all pretty null, because for the last like hour we’d been playing with three uninsulated wires that were coming out of the wall. We were trying to ride shocks off them. So Marty told us there was this fun place for lo-grav on the moon. Lo-grav can be kind of stupid, bu t this was supposed to be good.Probably one of my favorite first lines in any book, ever. We went to the moon to have fun, but the moon turned out to completely suck. What does this sentence say about the main character, Titus, and the world he lives in?The language is casual like in Cabot’s example, but there’s a different feel to this voice. While Mia’s voice felt a bit dramatic, Titus seems just the opposite. â€Å"Shit-all† to do. Boring. Stupid. Without it being stated outright, Titus comes across as kind of apathetic and impassive. And though there are some words in there that Anderson has made up (null, unit) we are able to understand through context and tone that these words, too, are adding to the generally cool, dispassionate feel of Titus’ voice.The last example comes from the opening chapter of The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas, which hit #1 on the New York Times Bestseller list its first week out. It’s a novel that explores police brutality and systemic racism in America.We break out the crowd. Big D’s house is packed wall-to-wall. I’ve always heard that everybody and their momma comes to his spring break parties- well, everybody except me- but damn, I didn’t know it would be this many people. Girls wear their hair colored, curled, laid, and slayed. Got me feeling basic as hell with my ponytail. Guys in their freshest kicks and sagging pants grind so close to girls they just about need condoms. My nana likes to say that spring brings love, but it promises babies in the winter. I wouldn’t be surprised if a lot of them are conceived the night of Big D’s party. He always has it on the Friday of spring break because you need Saturday to recover and Sunday to repent.Starr is the narrator: her voice is thick on the page. Take the sentence: Girls wear their hair colored, curled, laid, and slayed. You can feel the rhythm, the cadence of these words. Word choices like â€Å"mommaâ €  and â€Å"everybody.† Slang like â€Å"kicks† and â€Å"basic,† â€Å"laid and slayed.† From this paragraph, I can tell that Starr is very matter-of-fact. There’s no room for sarcasm or dramatics or even apathy, as in the other examples I’ve read from today. She’s telling it like it is, no frills. No fuss.In all of these examples, see how the punctuation (or lack of punctuation) and sentence-and-paragraph length play a role in the feel of a voice too. #YA Tip 5: Try to nail your protagonist's way of speaking (and don't try to make 'Fetch' happen) 6. Don't write around heavy subject matterOne of the most common statements I hear in my freelance career? â€Å"My main character is a teen, but I don’t think my novel is YA because the content is too dark.†Now I’m not saying that no subject matter is too dark for the YA market (my husband, J.R. Angelella, did a superb job of showcasing that too dark can be an actual thing with his first novel, Zombie). But I will say this: remember that your target audience is experiencing sex, drugs, bad language, and all the other Big Bads you might dream up in their everyday lives, whether they are active participants or not; writing about the teen experience is what YA is all about.So long as you’re writing with purpose (and not just writing to be edgy), embracing heavy subject matter is essential when writing a YA novel that is both authentic and relatable. #YA Tip 6: Embrace heavy subject matter if you want to write a relatable YA novel. @kateangelella 7. Don’t write into trendsIt can be difficult to avoid the temptation of choosing your subject matter based on the latest Publisher’s Marketplace deal that just sold at auction for a â€Å"major deal.† But the truth is, trends in YA are fickle. By the time you get around to shopping your novel, the trend may have already passed.The surefire way to ensure that an agent, editor, or reader will fall madly in love with your book is to write about something that lights you on fire. Something you wake up every day ecstatic to write, regardless of the topic’s trend status. Your passion and originality will come through, and there is nothing more infectious."When reviewing YA submissions,† says Melissa Nasson, Associate Agent for Rubin Pfeffer Content, â€Å"one of my biggest gripes is when I start reading and immediately feel that I've read something similar before. Originality is so important, so when I sense that an author is trying to emulate Suzanne Co llins or Veronica Roth rather than telling their own story, it makes me less inclined to continue reading†¦. if I find the manuscript too familiar, then editors (and eventually readers) certainly will too." #YA Tip 7: Don't write into trends. When  you get to shopping your novel, the trend may have already passed 8. Papa, don’t preachSome call it preaching, some call it didacticism. Whatever you call it, whatever you do, please don’t talk down to your YA reader.By this, I mean that you should never set your main character up to take a fall simply to teach him or her a thing or two. Not only will your teen reader smell the fakey-fake lesson cooking in your prose a mile off, but your YA novel will also suffer for it. Because writing YA is not about the result at the novel’s conclusion; it’s about the journey, about finding the center of your character’s emotional truth to present a very real, very relatable human being who is currently in flux, and figuring things out.YA readers deserve your emotional honesty. They deserve authentic, emotionally resonant characters that serve to show them they aren’t alone, not characters who are being used as tools to sell moral high ground or life lessons. #YA Tip 8: Don't try to 'teach your reader a lesson'. Teens can smell that a mile off. @kateangelella To learn more about how to write a young adult novel, check out Kate's FREE course on Reedsy Learning,  The Ten Commandments of Writing YA Novels.Are you an author of fiction for teen readers? Do you have any questions about the art of writing young adult fiction, drop Kate a message in the comments below.

How can Human Resources protect an organization from the risks and Essay

How can Human Resources protect an organization from the risks and liabilities associated with HR Technology and Digital Communications - Essay Example Human resource management is a company’s first contact point with its employees because it is the arm of the company that recruits and as such it is in a good position to train them on how to use its technology and digital communications responsibly. User training is important in protecting organizations from the risks and liabilities associated with human resource management technology and digital communications because many of these risks arise from their inappropriate use (Baldwin, 2010). The human resource department should train employees on the organization’s acceptable-use policy for its digital machines and software applications. Important areas that this training can touch on include proper use of the email system, password administration guidelines, login requirements and desktop security. Some of the training activities that can help protect against risks and liabilities associated with human resource management technology and digital communications can include sensitizing employees about policy changes, in-person seminars and web-based courses. Requiring employees to sign a security awareness agreement at the end of every training session enhances employees’ adherence to policies on human resource technology and digital communications security policies (Kerr et. al., 2011). The human resource department should adopt mechanism that can help detect user violations of responsible and acceptable use of human resource technology and digital communications which can bring risks and predispose the organization to liabilities. Timely detection of such violations enables timely mitigation of risks and the management of the things that damage a company’s reputation and brand. The human resource department should require auditors to assess for the effectiveness and adequacy of IT security policies and procedures to protect against risks and

Selling for entrepreneurs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Selling for entrepreneurs - Essay Example Personal selling is the personal presentation of products and services by the firm’s sales force for the purpose of making sales and building customer relationships (Kotler & Armstrong, 2004). Thus, personal selling is a tool used in the marketing communications mix and is regarded as the most effective at certain stages of buying process, particularly in building up buyer’s preferences, convictions as well as actions. This strategy is seen as most effective given that it involves personal interaction between two or more people so each person is better positioned to observe the other person’s needs. The effective salesperson needs to keep the interests of the customers at heart in order to build a long term relationship. As such, this sales report seeks to analyse the significance of personal selling in the operations of Forty Travel and Tourism Agency (FTTA). It also seeks to suggest a sales strategy proposal for the growth of business by about 30 per cent. The sales report is divided into different categories which include the following: the organisation’s short history, analysis of the organisation’s key players, overview of resources (people, premises, equipment, financial strength, intangibles, description of the products/services offered as well analysing the market structure. The last part of the report will outline a sales brief for the organisation and the strategies that can be implemented in order for it to gain a competitive advantage. History of the company Forty Travel and Tourism Agency (FTTA) was established on 18 February 2001 in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates (UAE) by Intekhab Jamal. The company has two offices at present and it specifically deals with offering services related to travelling and tourism. This can be categorised as a small to medium enterprise (SME) by virtue of its size compared to the other actors in the same industry. Like any other SME of this nature, FTTA operates on a small scale and it particularly targets individual travellers in its operations and much of the business is conducted through personal interaction with the customers though the company also uses other tools such as the internet and phones. Intekhab who is The President and the founder of FTTA is the major player in the company though he often consults with the branch managers. He established this business with the main aim of satisfying the private and individual segments of customers in the travel and tourism industry that were not fully covered by the large commercial organisations. Intekhab is a very creative and energetic person and he possesses great communication skills. The founder of this organisation has a strong background in marketing and the core business of the company is to market travel and tourism services such as flight and hotel bookings. FTTA is comprised of 19 employees and the Head office is located in the city of Fujaira. It also has another office at the Airport of Fujaira and t his office works as a Call Centre which is operational for 24 hours. The organisation has 17 computers, five printers, three copiers, three fax machines and six landline telephones. However, like any other organisation, FTTA was not spared from the negative impacts of the global financial crisis that gripped the whole world about two years ago. On a positive note, the company’s net profits began to increase gradually from the beginning of 2010. The company has a strong brand image that has been developed over time through networking and communication skills possessed by the employees. The organisation is primarily concerned with quality processes and procedures in a bid to create good reputation since this is seen as the major source of gaining a competitive advantage in this particular industry. FTTA is a travel company which is mainly concerned with offering intangible services such transport and hotel bookings to different people who will be travelling for business, leisur e or study. The company offers services that include boat cruises, hotel bookings, car rentals, travel

Metabolic Syndrome and Depression in Police Officers

Metabolic Syndrome and Depression in Police Officers Laurie Cyr-Martel Introduction Approximately 780,000 sworn police officers are accounted for in the United States, (Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor 2014) and one out of eight officers are female. (U.S. Dept. of Labor Bureau of Justice Statistics 2007) The literature also supports that law enforcement is one of the most demanding professions in our country. (Marmar, C., McCaslin, S., Metzler, T., Best, S., Weiss, D., Fagan, Nelan,T. 2006: Gershon, R., Barocas, B., Canton, A., Li, X., Vlahov, D., 2009 : Wang, Z., Inslicht,S., Metzler, T., Henn-Haase, C., McCaslin , S., 2010) The general public’s perception is in direct conflict with the reality of those who wear the badge to protect and serve. The media either sensationalizes the profession or degrades the profession dependent on the situation. Men and woman place themselves in harm’s way for the protection of their communities while compromising their own emotional and physical health. The police academy does not prepare the offic er for the misery and sorrow encountered once they graduate, nor are they prepared for how the occupation will effects their mind and body. Exposure to human tragedy, trauma, violence, lack of support both personally and professionally can increase the stress the officer’s experience. The cumulative effect of stress within law enforcement can exacerbate underlying physical and behavioral conditions. Physical presentations appear as high blood pressure, increased glucose levels, chest pains and obesity, a condition liken to Metabolic Syndrome. Behavioral conditions present as anger, rage, irritation, bad moods or resentment. Working with police officers for the past fourteen years, eight of them on the street in uniform, allowed a unique perspective regarding their emotional and physical health. Literatures linking physical (metabolic syndrome) and behavioral (depression) conditions for the law enforcement population, although published, are limited. The following review of th e literature will attempt to provide an overview of Metabolic Syndrome and depression and how this might relate to those in law enforcement. Literature Review Definition Metabolic Syndrome (MetSyn) is a condition distinguished by several health issues that when placed together are the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, possible organ damage, and even mortality. (Han Lean 2011: Suls, J., Bunde J. 2005) These include high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high cholesterol and obesity. To review and determine the correlation more closely, studies throughout the literature use various biometrics. These include; measuring waist circumference, allowing a difference for centimeters for men and women, measuring the individual’s blood pressure, and monitoring fasting blood glucose. MetSyn is also referred to as a â€Å"cluster of anthropological and biochemical abnormalities that predispose an individual to coronary artery disease.† (Grundy, Brewer, Cleeman, Smith Lenfant, 2004) Although various definitions are found throughout the literature, a universal definition that every author, discipline, or diagnostician can agre e upon was not found. When a patient presents with at least three out of the five risk factors listed below, a diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome can be made. (Thayyil, Jayakrishnan, Meharoof, Cheremanalil, J.2012) Regardless of a the differences among those definitions, the medical community agrees that if identification of MetSyn is diagnosed early, the practitioner can include preventative measures for Type 2 Diabetes and Cardio Vascular disease. (Huang 2009) One of the reasons this Syndrome is important to both the medical and behavioral sciences is that it would allow the medical practitioner to focus on the underlying medical concerns such as Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease. Although these are medical diagnosis, the behavioral interventions might alleviate further medical compromise. Metabolic Syndrome and the Police Officer Literature supports the link between MetSyn and the law enforcement population. (Hartley, Knox, Fekedulegn, Barbosa-Leiker, Violanti, Andrew Burchfiel 2010). What is known in the world of medicine and psychology is that various psychological presentations such as anxiety and depression are presumed as associated risk factors to diseases encompassed in Metabolic Syndrome. (Hartley et al., 2010; Toker, Shirom Melamed. 2008; Skilton, Moulin, Terra, Bonnet. 2007; Kahl, Greggersen, Schweiger, Cordes, Balijepalli , Lo ¨sch, Moebus,S. 2012 ) MetSyn is considered an important cardiovascular risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease. However, variations due to socioeconomic status, environmental, professional, spiritual, and cultural and ethnicity must be considered. An evaluation of 900 officers found 16.8% or 138 officers were found to have MetSyn. (Thayyil et al., 2012 ) Although the study was conducted in India, the conclusion and relevance to police work in general provided information relevant to MetSyn. MetSyn has more connections to health for the officer than just running the risk of experiencing a heart attack. Hypertension, dyslipidemia (abnormal amount of lipids in the blood), impaired glucose tolerance and obesity are all key elements of MetSyn. (Austin-Ketch, Violanti, Andrew, Hartley, Vena, J. 2010). As previously stated many factors are inherent in police work. Shift work is a contributory factor to the physical and psychological health of the officer and has been linked to MetSyn. Officers at higher risk for MetSyn and had a significant number of the components for MetSyn were officers who obtained six hours of sleep or less and worked shifts referred to as midnight shifts. (Violanti, J.,Burchfiel, C., Hartley, T., Mnatsakanova, A., Fekedulegn, D., Andrew, M., . . . Vila, B., 2009) Sleep deprivation also presents in the literature as increasing an individual’s risk for cardiovascular disease and various metabolic dysfunctions and is a common denominator in shift work. (Rajaratnam, S., Barger, L., Lockley, S., Shea, S., Wang, W., Landrigan, C., . . . Czeisler, C. 2011) It is important to identify officers at risk for MetSyn. Without identification, prevention and intervention would not occur. Depression and the Police Officer A 12 month study of 119 from four different departments, New York Police Department, and three departments in California took into account not only demographic variables, but baseline depression symptoms using the, child hood trauma, using the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report—Short Form to assess experience of childhood trauma before 18 years of age, The NEO Five-Factor Inventory used to assess neuroticism. The officers self-worth was also assessed using The World Assumptions Scale to determine the officers understanding and perception of how he relates to the world around him. After twelve months the officers were then given the Beck Depression scale, a self-inventory PTSD check list, a critical incident exposure questionnaire, and Life Experiences Survey to assess the negative effects of life changes in the twelve months, and the Work Environment Inventory to assess work stress. The study proposes that the longer the officer is â€Å"on the job† the more likely they are to experience moderately high depressive symptoms and partly sovereign from PTSD. (Wang Inslicht Wang, Z., Inslicht,S., Metzler, T., Henn-Haase, C., McCaslin , S., 2010) Metabolic Syndrome and Depression in the Police Officer Several pieces of literature support the association of MetSyn with depression. (Kahl, , Greggersen, Schweiger, Cordes, Balijepalli, Lo ¨sch, Moebus, 2012; Goldbacher, Bromberger, Matthews, 2009; Toker,S.,Shirom, A., Melamed,S. 2008: Skilton, M., P., Moulin, Terra, J., Bonnet, F. 2007 ). An increased occurrence in cardiovascular risk, Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), and hypertension was also presented in the literature when comparing depression and MetSyn. (Skilton et al.,2007) An emergent body of evidence suggests if an individual is diagnosed with depression, this should be considered an important risk factor for MetSyn. Furth more, if a major depressive disorder was present throughout their life, they were at greater risk to develop MetSyn. (Butnoriene, J., Bunevicius, A., Norkus, A., Bunevicius, R. 2014) Another contributory factor to MetSyn is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA). The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis might also lead to underlying association for MetSyn an d depression. When an officer reacts to a threat, the heart rate increases, pupils dilate to allow our visual perspective to widen, blood pressure rises as adrenaline causes the constriction of blood vessels which in turn increases pressure. We know that cortisol‘s main attribute is to increase energy to the body for survival. When the HPA is activated for survival, prolonged activation of the HPA can be a health risk. Cortisol antagonizes insulin. This might indicate to us that if the cortisol levels remain high, the pancreas –which secretes insulin would struggle to respond to the bodies demand for the insulin. If the glucose levels do not decrease, the cells in our body would not obtain the sugar they need. Thus, when cortisol patterns are no longer normal, and the HPA axis is constantly challenged and prolonged, individuals risk for hypertension, cardiovascular disease and even depression would be increased. (Violanti, Burchfiel Dorn, 2009) Literature further revi ewed MetSyn and the psychological characteristics that might exacerbate CVD and T2D. When depressed patients present with HPA hyperactivity, there is associations with a multitude of psychological characteristics, such as anxiety and anger. Furthermore, those with high cortisol who were depressed were more likely to have been diagnosed with MetSyn. (Goldbacher Matthews 2007) The general public has a view that most officers are young and healthy, and cannot comprehend the reason the officer would present with physical or emotional problems. Research is now proving what many of us within the law enforcement world knew for a very long time, the occupation compromises physical and emotional well-being. The literature points to one of the first cohesive studies that correlates physical and emotional health. Several tools used in the study reviewed both physical health and depressive signs and symptoms. The Buffalo Cardio Metabolic Occupational Stress Study or commonly known as BCOPS was provided to assess the physiological and psychological ramifications of the stress the officer encounters. Measuring the depressive symptoms was accomplished by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. The MetSyn was based on the guidelines provided by the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. The latitude given was much higher than listed above in the initial table which is from 2012. The individual MetSyn components included the following: (1) abdominal obesity (gender-specific waist circumference ≠¥102 cm in males, ≠¥88 cm in females), (2) hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≠¥ 130mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≠¥ 85mmHg, (3) reduced HDL-C (gender-specific fasting HDL-C 40mg/dL in men, 50mg/dL in women, (4) elevated triglycerides (fasting triglycerides ≠¥ 150mg/dL, and (5) glucose intolerance (fasting serum glucose ≠¥ 100mg/dL, or reported treatment for diabetes. MetSyn was conside red present in individuals with three or more components.} Although differences in age, education and length of employment were present, similarities were present. MetSyn and depressive symptoms were significantly associated. (Hartley et al., 2010) As indicated earlier in this review, more men than women enter the profession of law enforcement. (Bureau of Justice Statistics 2007) Gender may play an important factor in this comorbidity in police work. The literature indicated that for women, depression might lead to MetSyn, but further study is needed. (Toker et al., 2007) Intervention It is important to identify those officers who might be at risk in order to implement prevention strategies. Once the comorbidities are identified, it is paramount to intervene and present the officer with resources that are cost effective, efficient and solution focused. Literature supporting intervention and treatment programs for the comorbidity of Metabolic Syndrome and depression in police officers is limited. The literature does advise that building an effective training protocol within departments, would provide the competencies needed when the officer faces stressors, thereby preventing the officer from detrimental psychological and physiological effects. Aarnetz, B., Arble, E., Backman., Lynch, A., Lublin., A.,(2013) Motivational interviewing is another modality listed in the literature to address and change officers behaviors that will presumably lead to healthier outcomes. (Anshel, M., Kang, M. 2008) The literature supporting treatment programs for this population within t he New England area is limited. Treatment programs that are in existence for this population are aimed at psychotherapy rather than treatment for co-morbid presentations. (Berard, 2012) The creation and implementation of a population health management program for law enforcement would impact health care policy. When a police department has a partnership with a health program which treats a chronic condition, adding another component of the officer’s wellness might be added at a reasonable cost. If the program has a direct impact on the officers health care cost, the Population Health Management program our yield a return on their investment into the program. Grossmeier, J. , Terry, P. , Anderson, D. , Wright, S. 2012) Conclusion Metabolic syndrome and depressive presentations could be the precursor to a multitude of health concerns, but especially Type 2 diabetes and cardio vascular disease. Diagnosis of this co-morbid condition would lead to intervention and preventative health and wellness programs within police departments. When one has the opportunity to glimpse into the â€Å"thin blue line† as it is referred to – one realizes that not all police departments speak openly about the officers’ health and wellness. There are gyms on premises, EAP (Employee Assistance Programs), and perhaps yearly training on health programs. Many times it is not until an officer â€Å"crumbles† psychologically and physically that the department is forced to review their policies and protocols regarding overtime, training, inter-departmental conflicts, and a multitude of other concerns . When administration is unable to recognize the problem, the officer will bear the ramifications. References Aarnetz, B. , Arble, E. , Backman., Lynch, A. , Lublin. , A., (2013) Assessment of Prevention  Program for Work-Related Stress among Urban Police Officers. International Archives  of Occupational Environmental Health. 86:79-88 Anshel, M. , Kang, M. (2008) Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing on Changes in Fitness,  Blood Lipids, and Exercise Adherence of Police Officers: An Outcome-Based Action  Study. Journal of Correctional Health Care.14:48-62 Austin-Ketch, T. , Violanti, J. , Andrew, M. , Hartley, T. , Vena, J. (2010) Diabetes Metabolic  Syndrome: Clinical Research Reviews. Published by Elsvier (4) 82–88 Berard, P. , (2012) Program Helps Service Professionals. New England Psychologist  Retrieved from http://www.brattlebororetreat.org/usp Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook. 2014-15 Edition, Police and Detectives, Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/ooh/protective-service/police-and-detectives.htm Butnoriene, J. , Bunevicius, A. , Norkus, A. , Bunevicius, R. (2014) Depression but not Anxiety  is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Primary Care Based Community Sample Psychoneuroendocrinology. 40: 269—276 Goldbacher, E. , Matthews, K. (2007). Are Psychological Characteristics Related to Risk of the  Metabolic Syndrome? A Review of the Literature. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 34(3):240–252 Grundy, S. , Brewer, H., Cleeman, J. , Smith, S. , Lenfant, C. (2004) Definition of Metabolic  Syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association Conference on Scientific issues Related to Definition. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vascular Biology 24:13-18 Gershon, R. , Barocas, B., Canton, A. , Li, X. , Vlahov, D. (2009) Mental, Physical, and  Behavioral Outcomes Associated With Perceived Work Stress in Police Officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 36: 275-289 Goldbacher, M. , Bromberger, J. , Matthews, K. (2009) Lifetime History of Major Depression  Predicts the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-aged Women. Psychosomatic Medicine Journal 71:266–272 Grossmeier, J. , Terry, P. , Anderson, D. , Wright, S.(2012) Financial Impact of Population  Health Management Programs: Reevaluating the Literature. Population health  management. (15) 3:129 134 Han, T. , Jean, M. (2011) Metabolic syndrome. Medicine 4 (39): 1 Hartley, T. , Knox, S. , Fekedulegn, D. , Barbosa-Leiker, C. , Violanti, J. , Andrew, M. ,  Burchfiel, C. (2010) Association between Depressive Symptoms and Metabolic Syndrome in Police Officers: Results from Two Cross-Sectional Studies. Journal of Environmental and Public Health. Volume 2012. Article ID 861219, 9 pages Huang, P. (2009) A comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome. Disease Models   Mechanisms 2: 231-237 Kahl, K. , Greggersen, W. , Schweiger, U. , Cordes, J. , Balijepalli , C. , Lo ¨sch, C. , Moebus, S.  (2012). Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Unipolar Major Depression. European  Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 262: 313-320 Marmar, C. , McCaslin, S. , Metzler, T. , Best, S. , Weiss, D. , Fagan, . . . ,Nelan,T. (2006)  Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress in Police and Other First Responders. New York Academy of Sciences 1071:1-18  Office of Justice Programs. Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2007) Retrieved from  http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=tptid=71 Rajaratnam, S. , Barger, L. , Lockley, S. , Shea, S. , Wang, W. , Landrigan, C., . . . Czeisler, C.  (2011) Sleep Disorders, Health, and Safety in Police Officers. Journal of American Medical Association. (306) 23: 2567-2578 Skilton, M. , Moulin, P. , Terra, J., Bonnet, F. (2007). Associations Between Anxiety,  Depression, and the Metabolic Syndrome. Biological Psychiatry 62:1251–1257 Suls, J. , Bunde, J. (2005) Anger, Anxiety, and Depression as Risk Factors for Cardiovascular  Disease: the Problems and Implications of Overlapping Affective Dispositions. Psych  Bull 131:260–300. Thayyil, J. , Jayakrishnan, T. , Meharoof, R. , Cheremanalil, J. (2012) Metabolic Syndrome  and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Police Officers. American Journal of Medical Science 4(12): 630–635. Toker, S. , Shirom, A. , Melamed, S. (2008) Depression and the Metabolic Syndrome: Gender-Dependent Associations. Depression and Anxiety. 25:661–669 Wang, Z. , Inslicht, S. , Metzler, T. , Henn-Haase, C. , McCaslin , S. (2010) A Prospective Study  of Predictors of Depression Symptoms in Police Psychiatry Research (1) 75:211–216 Violanti, J. , Andrew, M. , Burchfiel. C., Dorn, J, (2009) Cortisol Patterns and Brachial Artery  Reactivity in a High Stress Environment. Psychiatry Research 169:75–81 Violanti, J. , Burchfiel, C. , Hartley, T. , Mnatsakanova, A. , Fekedulegn, D. , Andrew, M., Vila, B., (2009) Atypical Work Hours and Metabolic Syndrome Among Police Officers. (64) 3: 194-200

Teen Drinking

Teen drinking is a serious problem and each year the statistics go higher and higher and more and more teens are drinking. This is a safety issue for teens are not old enough to know how to control their drinking. In an article I read called, â€Å"let my teenager drink†, written by T. R. Reid, suggests that it’s okay to let our teens drink. On the opposed side, Author Joseph A. Califano writes in his article that it is not okay to allow teens to drink. Reid does make some good points in his article.He believes that it is safer for our teens to be allowed to drink. He brought up binge drinking and how bad it is for teens. He says, â€Å"the only reason for this binge drinking is because teens are not allowed to drink so they do it secretly, most often in unsafe places like a car, or a house where adult supervision is not present†(REID). Reid claims that if we let our teens legally drink then teens can be safer and be able to drink throughout the evening instead o f getting drunk in the short amount of time they have before a social event.He believes teenagers are going to drink no matter what law is put in place, and that we should all just allow teens to legally drink. Author and current president of the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, Joseph A. Califano suggests the first article is a dangerous opinion to go by. He lists straight facts on this specific issue like, â€Å"in 2001 the Justice Department released an analysis comparing drinking rates in Europe and the United States.The conclusion: American tenth graders are less likely to use and abuse alcohol that the people of the same age in almost all European countries†(CALIFANO). Califano also said how Reid was wrong about the binge drinking, since British fifteen year olds are more than twice as likely to binge drink as those of American teens. He also lists the dangers of teen drinking. Califano says it can seriously damage the growth proc ess of the brain, and how teen drinking can lead to poor school performance.My opinion on this issue is teens should not be allowed to drink yet. I believe the drinking age should stay at twenty one. That is when a person is mature and developed enough to drink alcohol. There is a good reason why there are age limits on things. Rules and laws are made for good reasons, to keep us safe. I would not want to live in a country where there were no age limits on drinking, for I believe we Americans would get dumber than we already are.

Hunting Is A Staple Of American Tradition - 1788 Words

Hunting has become a staple of American traditions since the beginning of the first hunter/gatherers, to the Native Americans who have lived in the U.S for millennia, even all the way until present day. Much of today’s society looks at hunting as a cruel activity when in reality it has more of a positive effect on the environment than it does harm. There are an abundance of benefits that come from hunting. Some of the benefits of hunting are: it is the biggest contribution to conserving wildlife, the meat is healthier than commercially produced meat, many jobs are being supported out of hunting, and every hunter wants â€Å"to bag† the trophy animal; however, there are a few cons to this, which include poaching and interference by the activist†¦show more content†¦In Arizona, because of the lesser population of animals, one may only harvest one antlered deer, one elk, and two javelina per person per year. Additionally, the hunter must be drawn in a â€Å"lotte ry-style process for allocating the limited number of Arizona big game and other limited species hunt permit-tags to applicants† (AZ Game Fish). Not every applicant who applies for a tag gets drawn, this is part of the system of controlling the population of wildlife to ensure no animal is over hunted. However, in other states, there might be other regulations based on the population of the animal. For example, in Kentucky, one may be able to harvest four deer per year including one antlered deer (Kentucky Game and Fish). A famous example of overgrazing is the Kaibab plateau in northern Arizona in the early 1900’s. In summary, cattle was introduced to the plateau and thus created the problem of overgrazing the land. Then in 1906 Theodore Roosevelt declared the area the Grand Canyon National Game Preserve. The regulators of the area officially banned hunting of deer in 1907, in addition, the extermination of predators of deer was put into effect. By 1920 the deer popul ation had risen out of control from these laws and hunting was reopened. This overpopulation of deer caused overgrazing to happen once again and 60,000 deer starved within the next two winters. The image above shows the population of deer from 1905Show MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Gun Control1283 Words   |  6 Pagesself-defense, hunting, sporting activities, and security against tyranny. One side would claim that by removing guns from the hands of criminals would result in safer communities. While the other side would state that law-abiding citizens that own guns can reduce crime and that criminals will always have access to guns. At times at a certain border and in other part of the world, the criminals would be seen with military grade weaponry. History. Guns in America can be traced back to the hunting traditionRead MoreThe Omnivore s Dilemma By Michael Pollan1412 Words   |  6 Pagestug-of-war with my opinions, and those of most other Americans, throughout our lives. Pollan argues that this distress of being required to make choices among so much conflicting and biased information has turned America into a food-obsessed society, one that is eternally focused on but paradoxically distracted by the seemingly simple issue of what to eat. A lot of the food we end up consuming, whether we realize it or not, is made of corn: the ultimate staple grain, pumped through the industrial food chainRead MoreTraditions Evolved Or Vanished? Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesTraditions Evolved or Vanished Every year, more and more cultural beliefs and traditions continue to be disappearing. Those cultural traditions that kept generations thriving strong throughout out our families are becoming nothing more than memories. Traditions were something that brought cultures and families together and made them one within each other. Traditions allowed people to become strong independent well-balanced individuals. Family traditions had an intense connection to the food theyRead MoreLittle Bison Basin Prehistory1329 Words   |  5 Pagesglaciers during the melt down. A region with plenty of vegetation and wildlife. According to the Dictionary of American History, The Great Basin does not have the abundant natural resources of the Pacific Northwest and California. Around 10,000 years ago, native peoples practiced big-game hunting around the remnants of Ice Age lakes in what archaeologists call the Western Pluvial Lakes Tradition. As the pluvial lakes dried up around five to seven thousand years ago, native peoples diversified their collectionRead More The Cherokee Essays1033 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"THE CHEROKEE† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This report will examine the interaction and effects of the European culture clashing with the Native American culture when these new people [Europeans] came to a land and decided to take what they thought was theirs. Discussed will be who these people were and are, their way of life, and how they lived then and now. This paper will explain the â€Å"religious bigotry, cultural bias, and materialistic view† (Perdue and Porter 7) the Europeans had that conflictedRead MoreTapestry of a Tribe: The Story of the Ute Indians Essay1664 Words   |  7 Pagesname.† ~Disneys Pocohontas And so it is with the Ute Indians, a people whose great respect and admiration for the land and its inhabitants weaves in and out of their culturally rich heritage like threads in a tapestry. Not unlike other Native American tribes, the Utes feel a deep connection to the land that is their home. Everything they believe and all they do is a direct result of this connection. The story of the Utes is one that spans over a thousand years. It is a mystery, an action adventureRead MoreIroquois Origin Story Analysis1041 Words   |  5 PagesMany cultures around the world have beliefs and traditions unique to their way of life. One of the main influences in their culture stems from religious beliefs, that almost always explains the fundamental questions of human existence, purpose and relationship with spiritual beings and nature. These timeless origin stories seem to address these questions in vibrant, creative and powerful ways. They all point to some power, force or being that is respo nsible for man’s existence and purpose, and inRead More Native Peoples in New England Essay example1579 Words   |  7 Pages Native American history spans tens of thousands of thousands of years and two continents. It is a multifaceted story of dynamic cultures that in turn spawned intricate economic relationships and complex political alliances. Through it all, the relationship of First Peoples to the land has remained a central theme. Though Native Americans of the region today known as New England share similar languages and cultures, known as Eastern Algonquian, they are not one political or social group. RatherRead MoreThe Iroquois Confederacy to Six Nations1570 Words   |  7 Pagescollective of tribes that occupied the upper region of New York state around Lake Ontario, Pennsylvania, and Southern Ontario and Quebec. The term Iroquois is an English deviation from a French deviation of an offensive Algonkian (group of Native American Indian languages used from South Carolina to Labrador, Canada and west to the Great Plains) term for â€Å"real snakes†. Originally, the members of the confederacy described themselves as Kanonsionni (compound word – kanonsa meaning â€Å"house† and â€Å"ionni†Read MoreEssay on History and Uniqueness of the Culture of Nigeria1499 Words   |  6 PagesGuide (2005), the British colonial officer’s wife, had put together the words â€Å"Niger.â₠¬  meaning black and ‘area’ together, making Nigeria. Despite the British colonization, Nigerian people today still have many different languages, cultures, and traditions with roots reaching into their ancestors. Uniqueness of the Culture According to the book, A History of Nigeria (2008), Nigeria is historically unique for three different reasons. First, it was found that there had been a high level of migration

The Analysis Of Mythology Of The Environment And The...

The analysis of mythology in relation to society establishes a commonality among humanity, as well as the analyzation of various cultural perspectives and values around the world. Thus forth we see the origins of mythology diversely interpreted and analyzed by the context of culture. Myths â€Å"symbolize† and â€Å"embody† human experience in relation to a cultures beliefs and values (Rosenberg, 1999). Despite the various roots in which a myth may originate and or the level of cultural recognition, it is evident myths exist in all societies. Myths allow humanity to embody culture, tradition and spirituality. Myths fulfill the human desire to express an established identity or sense of oneself. This perspective aligns with Sigmund Freud’s interpretation of internalization of the environment and the â€Å"unconscious mind†. It is my perspective that cultures are built upon the comprehension and generalization of such stories. Mythological legends or beliefs serve as the fundamental purpose in which humans identify and tradition is formed. Through individual interpretation a set of cultural values and norms develop. Societies refer to such stories as a reference or guide through spiritual and religious origins. In time myths and their intended purpose evolve to accommodate an ever changing society. In this essay I will examine a â€Å"The Aeneid† a poem of epic portion, using the theoretical approach of feminism and anthropology. I will further analyze how a myth develops alongside itsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Theory of Analytical Psychology2821 Words   |  12 Pagesexploring the unconscious. Freud’s theory of the unconscious made the unconscious sound unpleasant. It involved crazy desires, incestuous cravings, and frightening experiences that would come back to haunt a person. Based on Freud’s theory, one would understandably be terrified of making the unconscious conscious. 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